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been rising, it represents only 20% of method use among 15–44-year-old women.7 In addition, the widespread availability of modern, efficient contraceptives—sterilization, the pill, IUD, implant and injectable—contributes to low rates of condom use. However, while these methods are more effective than barrier methods at preventing pregnancy, do not reduce sensitivity or pleasure during intercourse and do not require male cooperation, they do not provide protection from STDs. Use of any of these methods alone leaves women (and men) vulnerable to potentially fatal diseases,8 and some evidence suggests that hormonal methods may increase women’s risk of HIV infection.9 It is therefore important to promote condom use among women who use efficient contraceptives. Yet, the current emphasis on condom use for HIV prevention directly contradicts the earlier emphasis on contraceptive technologies that allowed women to have control over pregnancy prevention. If women want to protect themselves against HIV, they must secure the cooperation of their male partners and thus are again confronted with issues of power and control Kara S. Riehman is research fellow, UCLA Drug Abuse Research Training Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles. Hosanna Soler is graduate assistant and Isaac W. Eberstein is professor, Center for the Study of Population and Department of Sociology; David F. Sly is professor, Center for the Study of Population and Department of Geography; David Quadagno is professor, Department of Biological Sciences; and Dianne F. Harrison is dean of the School of Social Work—all at Florida State University, Tallahassee. The research on which this article is based was supported by grant RO1HD31025-01-04 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Dual-Method Use Among an Ethnically Diverse Group of Women at Risk of HIV Infection